Guru Gobind Singh was born on 22 December 1666 at Patna (in modern Bihar) and his original name was Gobind Rai. He was the 10th and last of the Sikh Gurūs and who created the Khalsa, the military brotherhood of the Sikhs. He was the son of the ninth Guru, Tegh Bahadur, who suffered martyrdom to save Kashmiri Pandits from the forced conversion at the behest of the atrocious Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.
Guru Gobind Singh moulded the Sikh religion into its present shape, with the institution of the Khalsa fraternity, and the completion of the sacred scripture, the Guru Granth Sahib Ji, in the final form that we find today. Guru Gobind Singh also decreed the Guru Granth Sahib Ji as the next and perpetual Guru of the Sikhs. He spent his life fighting against Aurangzeb’s army. He was treacherously assassinated on 7 October 1708 by a Muslim soldier of the Mughal army named Jamshed Khan, at Nanded. Guru Gobind Singh had also killed the assailant, Jamshed Khan, before dying.
His mother Mata Gujri and his two younger sons were captured by the Mughal commander and the Mughal governor of Sirhind, Wazir Khan. His youngest sons, aged 5 and 8, were barbarically tortured and then buried alive into a wall after they refused to convert to Islam. Hearing the sad news of the death of her young grandsons Mata Gujri collapsed and died shortly after. His other two (eldest) sons, aged 13 and 17, were killed in the Battle of Chamkaur while fighting against the Mughal army.
